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【企業管理】管理溝通的三要素

發布時間:2019-11-19     瀏覽量:6673    來源:正睿咨詢
【摘要】:工作需要與人溝通,尤其是主管或經理級以上崗位的管理者,大部分工作時間都放在溝通上了。溝通能力是管理者的一項核心能力,管理者溝通水平決定著工作的效率和效果。如下管理溝通的三要素,是每一個管理者需要修煉并具備的。

  工作需要與人溝通,尤其是主管或經理級以上崗位的管理者,大部分工作時間都放在溝通上了。溝通能力是管理者的一項核心能力,管理者溝通水平決定著工作的效率和效果。如下管理溝通的三要素,是每一個管(guan)理者需(xu)要(yao)修(xiu)煉(lian)并具(ju)備的。

  管理(li)溝(gou)通(tong)的要素一,溝(gou)通(tong)一定要有目標

  溝通(tong)如果沒(mei)有(you)目標(biao)(biao)或(huo)者溝通(tong)最(zui)終沒(mei)有(you)達成目標(biao)(biao),那么(me)就是(shi)一種無效的(de)溝通(tong)。在溝通(tong)之前,我們(men)需要清楚溝通(tong)的(de)目標(biao)(biao):溝通(tong)是(shi)為了(le)(le)傳達某(mou)個信息,還是(shi)為了(le)(le)消除分歧(qi),還是(shi)只是(shi)單(dan)純地為了(le)(le)增進感(gan)情(qing)?知(zhi)道了(le)(le)目標(biao)(biao),我們(men)才能(neng)明(ming)確(que)溝通(tong)的(de)重點。

  管(guan)理(li)溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)要(yao)素二,溝(gou)通(tong)除了考(kao)慮要(yao)傳達的(de)內容之外,還要(yao)考(kao)慮溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)思想和情感

  平時(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)能(neng)比較注重(zhong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞,但(dan)事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)(shang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還包(bao)括思想(xiang)和情感(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞。以(yi)(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)例,比如我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)主題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如何提升(sheng)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力(li),那么(me)(me)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)其實(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對群體進行溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)在(zai)(zai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)上(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如何提升(sheng)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力(li),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)會(hui)(hui)告訴大(da)家(jia)(jia)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)如何去提升(sheng),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)。同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong),也會(hui)(hui)體現出(chu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)與溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內容相關的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)人思想(xiang),更重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)情感(gan)(gan)(gan)在(zai)(zai)里面。比如我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)說話時(shi)非常興奮,大(da)家(jia)(jia)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)被(bei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)這種(zhong)高漲的(de)(de)(de)熱情所(suo)感(gan)(gan)(gan)染(ran),課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)氣氛就(jiu)變得活(huo)躍(yue)起來(lai);反(fan)之,如果我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)情比較低(di)沉,大(da)家(jia)(jia)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)語音(yin)語調感(gan)(gan)(gan)受到了(le),可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)覺得這堂(tang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)很(hen)(hen)壓抑,就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)心(xin)盼望著(zhu)早點下課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)絕不只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內容的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還包(bao)括思想(xiang)和情感(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。8以(yi)(yi)前我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)可(ke)能(neng)覺得很(hen)(hen)疑惑:我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)寫的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)份通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知為(wei)什(shen)么(me)(me)上(shang)(shang)司(si)要(yao)(yao)(yao)改來(lai)改去?通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知內容本身只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)放假(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知而已,從信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)角度來(lai)講,只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)放假(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)說清楚就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)了(le),為(wei)什(shen)么(me)(me)上(shang)(shang)司(si)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)改來(lai)改去呢?因為(wei)你的(de)(de)(de)放假(jia)(jia)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知沒有(you)把情感(gan)(gan)(gan)表達(da)出(chu)來(lai),沒有(you)祝大(da)家(jia)(jia)節(jie)日快樂,也沒有(you)去提醒大(da)家(jia)(jia)節(jie)日期(qi)間(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意安全(quan)。當(dang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)理(li)解了(le)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義,就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)理(li)解上(shang)(shang)司(si),不然你就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)認為(wei)上(shang)(shang)司(si)修(xiu)改你的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知很(hen)(hen)多余。

  我們(men)(men)常說,口頭的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)很容(rong)易(yi)理(li)解且帶有(you)情感,但其實書(shu)(shu)面的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)也是(shi)帶有(you)情感的:書(shu)(shu)面溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)中一句話(hua)怎(zen)樣去(qu)表達(da),用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)詞語會體現出(chu)不(bu)(bu)一樣的情感。所以,溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)僅僅只是(shi)把(ba)信息溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)出(chu)來,把(ba)我們(men)(men)要表達(da)的內容(rong)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)出(chu)來,溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)中還夾雜著我們(men)(men)的思想和情感。

  管理溝通的要素三,溝通是達成共同協(xie)議的過程

  溝(gou)通(tong)一定(ding)要達(da)成(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)協議,否則就是單向(xiang)(xiang)傳達(da)而非溝(gou)通(tong),因為溝(gou)通(tong)應該(gai)是雙向(xiang)(xiang)過程。你與人(ren)溝(gou)通(tong),不是說(shuo)你去(qu)告訴他就可以(yi)了(le),如(ru)果只是告訴一聲那叫“通(tong)知”,而我們和別人(ren)的溝(gou)通(tong)最(zui)終要達(da)成(cheng)一個(ge)共(gong)識。

  很(hen)多時(shi)候你(ni)(ni)會(hui)(hui)發現,和(he)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)了的(de)(de)話,別(bie)人(ren)(ren)并不(bu)照你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)意思去(qu)做(zuo),你(ni)(ni)會(hui)(hui)覺得很(hen)生氣:“我(wo)(wo)不(bu)是告訴(su)過你(ni)(ni)了嗎?”但對方沒(mei)有(you)(you)理(li)解,也沒(mei)有(you)(you)認可(ke),不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)按照你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)意思去(qu)做(zuo),所以歸根到(dao)(dao)底(di),還是你(ni)(ni)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)沒(mei)到(dao)(dao)位(wei)。比如(ru)很(hen)多企業推行(xing)績效管理(li)都(dou)(dou)達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)效果,原因就(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)在溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)上。無論是做(zuo)計劃(hua)、輔導,還是做(zuo)考核、改進,都(dou)(dou)要(yao)有(you)(you)充(chong)分的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong),和(he)員(yuan)工(gong)達成共同(tong)協議,要(yao)讓員(yuan)工(gong)理(li)解、認同(tong)、接受我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)想法,這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)將績效管理(li)推行(xing)下去(qu)。這(zhe)才(cai)叫(jiao)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)卡耐基說(shuo):“所謂溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)就(jiu)(jiu)是同(tong)步(bu),每(mei)一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)他獨特(te)的(de)(de)地方,而與(yu)人(ren)(ren)交際(ji)則(ze)要(yao)求他與(yu)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)一致。”為(wei)什么我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)會(hui)(hui)屢屢出(chu)現問題?因為(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)和(he)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)無法做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)同(tong)步(bu)。有(you)(you)一位(wei)同(tong)學對我(wo)(wo)說(shuo),他很(hen)郁悶(men),他感(gan)覺他和(he)下屬總(zong)是很(hen)難同(tong)步(bu),這(zhe)其實(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)是一個(ge)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)問題。因為(wei)每(mei)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)是獨特(te)的(de)(de),下屬站在他的(de)(de)位(wei)置,他的(de)(de)思想、他的(de)(de)經歷、他的(de)(de)能(neng)力都(dou)(dou)是獨特(te)的(de)(de),他為(wei)什么不(bu)能(neng)與(yu)你(ni)(ni)同(tong)步(bu)?因為(wei)你(ni)(ni)們(men)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)沒(mei)有(you)(you)做(zuo)好,你(ni)(ni)們(men)沒(mei)有(you)(you)在溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)中找到(dao)(dao)那個(ge)同(tong)頻共振(zhen)的(de)(de)點,沒(mei)有(you)(you)達成一致,而沒(mei)有(you)(you)達成一致的(de)(de)不(bu)叫(jiao)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong),或(huo)者說(shuo)是無效的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)。

  松下幸之助有句(ju)名言:“企(qi)業管理(li)過去是(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong),現在是(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong),未來(lai)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。”我們作(zuo)為HR、作(zuo)為管理(li)者其實(shi)都很(hen)清(qing)楚溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的重(zhong)要性。有的人(ren)(ren)總說他(ta)在人(ren)(ren)際關系方面處理(li)不(bu)好;有的人(ren)(ren)工(gong)作(zuo)多年卻職位不(bu)高、工(gong)資不(bu)高,你會發現他(ta)們與友(you)人(ren)(ren)聚會比別人(ren)(ren)要少(shao)。很(hen)多人(ren)(ren)做(zuo)事總是(shi)(shi)(shi)失敗,即使(shi)很(hen)努力也不(bu)成功。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么原因呢?其實(shi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的問(wen)題,而溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的問(wen)題歸結起來(lai)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)個:缺少(shao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和不(bu)會溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。

  缺少溝(gou)通(tong)(tong),就是(shi)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)去(qu)和(he)別人溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)或者溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的頻率(lv)不(bu)夠高。為(wei)什么(me)工(gong)作中會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)誤解?因為(wei)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)少,總是(shi)各(ge)忙(mang)各(ge)的,互(hu)相之(zhi)(zhi)間溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)少了,誤會(hui)(hui)(hui)自然就產生(sheng)了,再要去(qu)達成共(gong)識(shi)就變得(de)(de)困(kun)難。比(bi)如(ru)我(wo)們和(he)上(shang)司之(zhi)(zhi)間,很多時候你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)主動(dong)去(qu)找上(shang)司匯報(bao),上(shang)司也(ye)不(bu)來(lai)找你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)詢問工(gong)作進度(du),其實你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)們之(zhi)(zhi)間的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)就出現問題了。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)去(qu)找上(shang)司匯報(bao),他(ta)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)覺得(de)(de)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)和(he)他(ta)不(bu)是(shi)同心同德,或者覺得(de)(de)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)沒有(you)思(si)考,覺得(de)(de)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)沒有(you)努力把心放在工(gong)作上(shang);上(shang)司不(bu)去(qu)找下(xia)(xia)屬溝(gou)通(tong)(tong),下(xia)(xia)屬就會(hui)(hui)(hui)覺得(de)(de)他(ta)這(zhe)(zhe)個崗(gang)位不(bu)重要,可(ke)有(you)可(ke)無(wu),或者認為(wei)他(ta)的工(gong)作已(yi)經做到(dao)很好,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)下(xia)(xia)屬就會(hui)(hui)(hui)喪失(shi)一些成長(chang)的機(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui),上(shang)司也(ye)失(shi)去(qu)了取得(de)(de)更好的工(gong)作成果的機(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。

  不(bu)會溝(gou)通(tong)(tong),就是有這個想法但沒(mei)辦法表(biao)(biao)達出來(lai),或者雖然表(biao)(biao)達出來(lai)卻(que)讓對方誤解了,很(hen)難達成共識,也(ye)很(hen)難達成溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的目(mu)標。很(hen)多事(shi)情辦不(bu)成,從溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的角度來(lai)講,不(bu)是溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的頻率不(bu)夠,就是溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的方法不(bu)對。

  溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)是(shi)沒有止境的(de)(de),你(ni)(ni)認為(wei)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)已經很(hen)好了,但是(shi)當(dang)你(ni)(ni)和溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)更好的(de)(de)人(ren)相比,你(ni)(ni)就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)現差(cha)距;很(hen)多時候,你(ni)(ni)會(hui)發(fa)現,你(ni)(ni)和這(zhe)種類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)人(ren)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)沒有問題,換(huan)一種類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)人(ren)你(ni)(ni)就(jiu)會(hui)覺得(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)有問題了;很(hen)多時候,你(ni)(ni)在(zai)心(xin)情愉悅的(de)(de)情況下覺得(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)很(hen)順暢,但在(zai)心(xin)情煩躁的(de)(de)時候,你(ni)(ni)就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)現溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)又有問題了……所以,溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)是(shi)一項無止境的(de)(de)、值(zhi)得(de)你(ni)(ni)終(zhong)身磨煉的(de)(de)技能。

  溝通(tong)是為了(le)設(she)定的(de)(de)目標,把信息、思想和(he)情(qing)感(gan)在個人或群體間(jian)傳遞并達成共同協(xie)議的(de)(de)過程。如果有人問(wen),管(guan)(guan)理者最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)一項技能是什(shen)么(me)? “溝通(tong)!”溝通(tong)能力強的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理者將會更有效地工(gong)作。以上管(guan)(guan)理溝通(tong)的(de)(de)三要(yao)素希望對(dui)我們管(guan)(guan)理者有所幫助。

 

 

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