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作為一個系統化的管理動作,通常企業生產運營離不開供應鏈的有效管理,而大多數中小型企業供應鏈管理效果(guo)不佳,正睿(rui)咨(zi)詢16年經驗總結大致包含如下(xia)兩(liang)點原因(yin)。
供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)最(zui)早(zao)來源于彼(bi)得·德魯克提出的 “經濟鏈(lian)”,后經由邁(mai)克爾·波特發展成(cheng)為 “價值鏈(lian)”,最(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)演變為 “供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)”。其定義為:圍繞核心(xin)企業,通過對信息流、物流、資金流的控制(zhi),從(cong)采購原材料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)中(zhong)間產品(pin)及(ji)最(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)產品(pin),最(zui)后由銷售(shou)網絡(luo)把產品(pin)送到(dao)消費者手中(zhong)。它是將供(gong)應(ying)商、制(zhi)造商、分(fen)銷商、零售(shou)商,直(zhi)到(dao)最(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)用戶連(lian)成(cheng)一個整體的功能網鏈(lian)模(mo)式。
中(zhong)小型企業(ye)供應(ying)鏈管理問題一
在市場(chang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)中,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營者沒(mei)有打破(po)交易(yi)雙(shuang)方利(li)益對立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian),停留在企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)以競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)對手消失為目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對抗(kang)性(xing)極(ji)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng),同時沒(mei)有從根本上認識到企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)已轉(zhuan)變為供應鏈(lian)與供應鏈(lian)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)。為了更快地(di)促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前進(jin)(jin)步伐,就需要(yao)重新審視(shi)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),改變競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)和方式,尋(xun)求走向雙(shuang)贏(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)模(mo)(mo)式。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)模(mo)(mo)式,它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)高(gao)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)境界和新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營者必須(xu)走出(chu)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)就是(shi)(shi)“你死我活”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤區,樹(shu)立(li)(li)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi) “為了最大(da)限度(du)地(di)利(li)用競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)資源,提高(gao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li),實現(xian)利(li)潤最大(da)化,促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確認識。因此在現(xian)代市場(chang)中,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不能(neng)僅僅依(yi)靠自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源來參(can)與市場(chang)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng),而要(yao)通過與供應鏈(lian)參(can)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)行跨(kua)(kua)部(bu)門、跨(kua)(kua)職能(neng)和跨(kua)(kua)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo),建(jian)立(li)(li)共同利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)伙伴關系,實現(xian)資源互補、信息共享(xiang),發展企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、共存共榮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互助合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)關系,建(jian)立(li)(li)一種(zhong)雙(shuang)贏(ying)關系。
中小(xiao)型(xing)企業(ye)供應鏈(lian)管理問題二
部分企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已(yi)經實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),但沒(mei)有帶來(lai)預期的(de)(de)績效。這是(shi)因為企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)解與應(ying)(ying)(ying)用停留(liu)在傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)信(xin)息管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)層面上(shang),沒(mei)有貫徹供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)基本思想(xiang),即實(shi)(shi)現核(he)(he)心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)整合(he)(he),具體(ti)包括(kuo):通過內(nei)部供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)現企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部 “子核(he)(he)心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)”的(de)(de)整合(he)(he),通過外部供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)整合(he)(he)。而(er)這些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)僅(jin)僅(jin)對(dui)內(nei)部供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)進行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),并沒(mei)有實(shi)(shi)現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)整合(he)(he)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),不僅(jin)要實(shi)(shi)現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)信(xin)息管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部資源(yuan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)整合(he)(he),更重要的(de)(de)是(shi)要提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個數(shu)據共享、數(shu)據互(hu)交的(de)(de)平臺(tai),從而(er)實(shi)(shi)現企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種新(xin)的(de)(de)規則(ze)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)種新(xin)的(de)(de)制度(du),使(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)資源(yuan)得(de)到(dao)最優配置,將企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自身和(he)外部供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商、客戶連接在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個完整的(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)化系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),形(xing)成(cheng)高度(du)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)。
供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)升級的核(he)心是數(shu)(shu)據化(hua)管(guan)理,通過(guo)數(shu)(shu)據化(hua)管(guan)理從而達到供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統的高(gao)效運(yun)作(zuo)。所謂的 “高(gao)效”就是成本低、效率高(gao)、利潤高(gao)。簡(jian)單地(di)來說,就是 “敏捷(jie)”。企(qi)業運(yun)營在面對(dui)新(xin)業務(wu)種類和模(mo)式轉(zhuan)換時,需要(yao)通過(guo)敏捷(jie)、快(kuai)速的響應(ying)(ying)機制優化(hua)流程,實時應(ying)(ying)對(dui)并靈活調(diao)整業務(wu)流程,實現整個供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的高(gao)效運(yun)行。企(qi)業經營者必須要(yao)樹立合作(zuo)競爭的觀念(nian),與供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)企(qi)業建立雙(shuang)贏(ying)的合作(zuo)關系(xi),更要(yao)選(xuan)擇適合企(qi)業自身的供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理方案,正確認(ren)識供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理系(xi)統,利用供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理將鏈(lian)(lian)中企(qi)業高(gao)度整合,提高(gao)核(he)心競爭力。
在(zai)信息化的(de)今(jin)天(tian)(tian),中小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)供應鏈管理升級對很多(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)來(lai)說(shuo)都迫在(zai)眉睫。供應鏈就像整(zheng)個企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de) “財(cai)(cai)富(fu)管道”,在(zai)整(zheng)個的(de)供應鏈中如(ru)果稍(shao)有滲漏,就會有很多(duo)財(cai)(cai)富(fu)每(mei)天(tian)(tian)都在(zai)源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷地流失。在(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)進入微利時代的(de)今(jin)天(tian)(tian),很多(duo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)轉型(xing)升級也主要是通(tong)過供應鏈升級來(lai)達到成本控制或尋找新的(de)利潤增長點的(de)目的(de)。
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